Perovskite Solar Cells: From Lead (Pb) to Tin (Sn). Spin-coating and Flash Evaporation
Wolfram Jaegermann a, Thomas Mayer a, Kerstin Lakus-Wollny a, Chittaranjan Das a, Hans Koebler a, Ralph Dachauer a, Tim Hellmann a, Claudiu Mortan a, Michael Wußler a
a TU Darmstadt, Surface Science, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
nanoGe Perovskite Conferences
Proceedings of Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics (ABXPV17)
València, Spain, 2017 March 1st - 2nd
Organizers: Henk Bolink and David Cahen
Poster, Claudiu Mortan, 012
Publication date: 18th December 2016

The water solubility and toxicity of components in lead containing perovskite thin-film solar cells raise concerns over their implementation as feasable commercial products. Substitution of the lead (Pb) in the perovskite with another post-transition metal such as tin (Sn) could result in a wider acceptance. The best known efficiency using CH3NH3SnI3 was published in 2014 by Noel, N.K., et al., who achieved a record PCE of 6,4% using the spin-coating technique [1]. We intend to build fully vacuum processed perovskite solar cells. In our labs we could produce and analyse lead (Pb) based perovskite solar cells using Glass/FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au by means of spin coating  with a highest recorderd efficiency of 14,97%. Working on the transition to lead-free perovskite solar cells, a Vacuum Flash Evaporation prototype has been built and tested, producing stoichiometric films of cubic methylammonium tin iodide perovskite (CH3NH3SnI3), which has been analysed by means of XPS and XRD. As upcoming research, tuning the band gap of the material using mixtures of bromide (Br-) and iodide (I-) in the perovskite and building working devices could be proven useful for constructing tandem solar cell devices.

[1] Noel, N.K., et al., Lead-free organic–inorganic tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Energy & Environmental Science, 2014. 7(9): p. 3061-3068



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