Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics, Photonics and Optoelectronics (ABXPV18PEROPTO)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.abxpvperopto.2018.037
Publication date: 11th December 2017
Tailoring the physical properties of metal halide ABX3 perovskites by means of compositional engineering is one of the key factors contributing to the development of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. The effect of blending ions at the A-site and X-site of the perovskite lattice has been thoroughly studied, and most efficient perovskite solar cells are now based on mixed-cation, mixed-halide lead perovskites. On the contrary, partial replacement of lead at the B-sites is relatively less explored. Besides the possible beneficial effects on the materials properties, blending other metals in the perovskite structure can mitigate the toxicity of corresponding cells. Here, we investigate the partial substitution of Pb2+ with Mn2+ in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). We developed a solution-based procedure to fabricate uniform and pin-hole free thin films of mixed metal MAPb1-xMnxI3 perovskite, which we used to fabricate single junction solar cells. Although Mn2+ ions have a size that can potentially fit in the B-sites of MAPbI3, using a combination of XRD and XPS we show that only ca. 3 to 10% of Pb2+ can be replaced by Mn2+. Further addition results in amorphous Mn-rich impurities concentrated at the bottom of the perovskite film. We characterized the optoelectronic properties of MAPb1-xMnxI3 for x in the range 0 – 0.1 by means of UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy and by time-resolved microwave conductance measurements. The bandgap of MAPb1-xMnxI3 is not substantially different from that of MAPbI3. However, we demonstrate that incorporation of Mn2+ in the perovskite lattice negatively impacts the transport and recombination of charges. The mobility of electrons and holes decreases by a factor 6 when 3% of Pb2+ is replaced with Mn2+. For the same amount of Pb2+ replacement, the photoluminescence lifetime is significantly decreased. Reduction in mobility and lifetime of charge carriers severely limits the performance of MAPb1-xMnxI3 solar cells. The best device fabricated for x = 0.03 does not exceed a power conversion efficiency of 2%.
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