A 22.42 % 4-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem device with a 3 % boost over commercially available silicon cell.

F. Javier Ramos^a^,^b, Sebastien Jutteau^a^,^b^,^c, Jorge Posada^a^,^b^,^c, Amelle Rebai^a^,^b, Thomas Guillemot^b, Adrien Bercegol^a^,^b^,^c, Romain Bodeux^a^,^b^,^c, Nathanaelle Schneider^a^,^b, Nicolas Loones^a^,^b^,^c, Daniel Ory^a^,^b^,^c, Cedric Broussillou^c, Laurent Lombez^a^,^b, Jean Rousset^a^,^b^,^c

^aInstitut Photovoltaïque d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 18, Palaiseau, France

^bIRDEP, Institute of Research and Development on Photovoltaic Energy (IRDEP), UMR 7174 CNRS-EDF- Chimie ParisTech, France

^cEDF R&D, 6 Quai Wattier, 78400 CHATOU, France

NIPHO
Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics, Photonics and Optoelectronics (ABXPV18PEROPTO)

Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics (ABXPV18). 27-28 Feb

Rennes, France, 2018 February 27th - March 1st

Organizer: Jacky Even

Oral, F. Javier Ramos, presentation 045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.abxpvperopto.2018.045
Publication date: 11th December 2017

Hybrid organic-inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells (PSC) have emerged during the last five years as one of the most promising PV technologies due to their excellent properties such as high absorption coefficient, long diffusion lengths for both carriers, tunable wide bandgap and versatile fabrication. Those properties make them very promising candidates as top cell absorber in tandem solar cells. Two main stacking possibilities are distinguished: 2 terminal (2T) and 4 terminal (4T). While 2T geometry can maximize the overall efficiency, certain difficulties such as producing a tunnel junction without electrical or optical losses and the mandatory current matching between top and bottom cells make 2T tandems more complex under an industrial point of view. In contrast, 4T architectures allow to maintain separated the optimization of top and bottom cells, being only necessary to prepare a semitransparent rear contact at the top cell and minimize the reflection losses between both solar cells.

Hence, in this work we present a tandem solar cell composed by: a top cell made of triple cation perovskite with a precise composition of (Cs_0.05MA_0.16FA_0.79)Pb(Br_0.5I_2.5) where the back contact is sputtered-ITO, in combination with a commercially available silicon solar cell as bottom one to be assembled in a 4-T tandem. The selected architecture for the semitransparent perovskite solar cell was FTO/bl-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/ITO. It is remarkable the absence of MoO_x layer between spiro-OMeTAD and ITO since it was found not necessary in order to limit spiro-OMeTAD degradation and to ensure good reproducibility. Different thicknesses of perovskite layer and several deposition conditions for sputtered-ITO were tested to optimize the system.

Therefore, the semitransparent perovskite solar cell showed J_SC=21.53mA cm^-2, V_OC=1065mV, FF=73.0%, for a final power conversion efficiency of 16.72% for an active area of 0.25cm². The original efficiency of the silicon wafer was 19.5% (J_SC=38.46mA cm^-2, V_OC=639mV, FF=79.4%), which was reduced to 18.5% (J_SC=38.86mA cm^-2, V_OC=619mV, FF=77.0%) after laser cutting to adjust perovskite size. After filtering with the top cell, the cut commercially available Si bottom solar cell exhibited J_SC=12.75mA cm^-2, V_OC=585mV, FF=77.0%, for a power conversion efficiency of 5.7%. To have a successful 4-T integration, an optical coupling by dripping a liquid between top and bottom devices was needed. Consequently, an overall efficiency of 22.42% was achieved by the 4-T tandem, a 3% boost regarding the commercially available Si wafer.

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