Metal halide perovskites as powerful light harvesters for the generation of electricity and fuels from sunlight
Michael Graetzel a
a Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
NIPHO
Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics, Photonics and Optoelectronics (ABXPV18PEROPTO)
Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics (ABXPV18). 27-28 Feb
Rennes, France, 2018 February 27th - March 1st
Organizer: Jacky Even
Invited Speaker, Michael Graetzel, presentation 082
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.abxpvperopto.2018.082
Publication date: 11th December 2017

A planetary emergency has arisen from the continued depletion of fossil fuels, producing green house warming and unprecedented environmental pollution. Future energy options for renewable and carbon-free sources will need to fill the terra-watt gap that will open up during the next few decades due to the growth of the world population. A promising development is the recent emergence of a new generation of low cost and highly efficient photovoltaic converters based on perovskite pigments as light harvesters.. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [1] have attracted enormous interest due to their low cost ease of preparation and steep rise of their solar to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching now 22.7 % exceeding already the performance of polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Nevertheless achieving operational stability remains a major challenge for PSCs. I shall present new cell architectures using inorganic materials as hole and electron specific contacts that that attain PCE > 20 % and excellent stability under full sun light soaking at maxiumum power point and 60 °C [2]. . The high photovoltage (Voc > 1.2 V) achieved with these systems renders them very attractive for the generation of fuels from sunlight, e.g. by the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen [3] and the cleavage of CO2 into CO and 1/2 O2.  


References:
[1] M. Grätzel, The light and shade of perovskite solar cells., Nature Materials 2014, 13, 838-842.
[2] N. Arora, M.I. Dar, A.Hinderhofer, N. Pellet, F. Schreiber, S.M. Zakeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Perovskite solar cells with CuSCN hole extraction layers yield stabilized efficiencies greater than 22%. 
    Science 2017, doi:10.1126/science.aam5655.
[3] J. Luo, J.-H. Im, M.T. Mayer, M. Schreier, Md.K. Nazeeruddin, N.-G. Park, S.D.Tilley, H.J. Fan, M. Grätzel. Water photolysis at 12.3% efficiency via perovskite photovoltaics and Earth abundant catalysts. Science 2014, 345, 1593-1596. 

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