Enhanced Performance via Partial Pb Replacement with Ca for CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell exceeding 13% Power Conversion Efficiency
Cho Fai Jonathan Lau a, Xiaofan Deng a, Jianghui Zheng a, Jincheol Kim a, Zhilong Zhang a, Meng Zhang a, Jueming Bing a, Benjamin Wilkinson a, Long Hu a, Robert Patterson a, Shujuan Huang a, Anita Ho-Baillie a
a University of New South Wales, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Engineering, Sydney 2052, Sydney, Australia
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
Benidorm, Spain, 2018 May 28th - 31st
Organizers: Emilio Palomares and Rene Janssen
Poster, Cho Fai Jonathan Lau, 008
Publication date: 21st February 2018

Inorganic cesium perovskite has been considered as a potential light harvesting materials as a top cell in multi-junction devices due to their tuneable bandgap and higher thermal stability. CsPbI3 has a more suitable bandgap of 1.73 eV for photovoltaic applications especially for double junction perovskite/Si tandem. However, CsPbI3 does not have a stable perovskite phase at ambient temperature due to the relatively small ionic radius of Cs to hold the PbI6 octahedra together. To overcome the phase instability, the metal in the B site in an ABX3 perovskite can be partly substituted with a smaller ionic radius to stabilise the perovskite phase.

In this work, we utilize calcium (Ca, 1.00 Å) to partially substitute Pb in the CsPbI3 precursor to produce CsPbI3 films.  We observe a reduction in the size of the colloids in the precursor solution as a result. These lead to more uniform film formation with larger grain size, which results in better contact between perovskite and hole transporting material (HTM) and an increase in device performance. In addition, the bandgap of the film increases with Ca2+ and the surface of the resultant film has been modified that becomes a calcium rich oxide layer which provides a passivation effect when the amount of Ca2+ is appropriate. Subsequently, we fabricated a mesoporous device with a thick perovskite layer (around 400nm) at the optimal Ca concentration condition (5 mol % Ca2+ in the precursor) producing photovoltaic cells with respectable performance. After applying anti-reflection coating, the champion cell achieves a PCE of 13.5% under reverse scan and a stabilised PCE of 13.3%. With encapsulation, the device maintains 85% of the initial PCE after 2 months of storage in ambient conditions.

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