Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
Publication date: 21st February 2018
In the short time since their invention, perovskite solar cells (PSC) have established themselves as an emerging photovoltaic technology with high potential. A key advantage of PSC is the simple processing methods required; synthesis is solution based and can be performed at relatively low temperatures. 1 Furthermore the nature of the ABX3 perovskite structure enables a large amount of variation in the components used. Mixed cation/anion systems allow for the tuning of properties such as colour and band gap, as well as improving the stability of the perovskite. 2 Hysteresis, which may be caused by slow-moving ions,3 can be reduced by using mixed-component systems.4 One technique which can be used to probe iodide diffusion in PSC is temperature dependent Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS); the time constant associated with the lowest frequency feature can be plotted as a function of temperature.5 Activation energies for ion diffusion in pure MAPI of 0.4-0.5 eV have been found, but the effect of cation substitution on ion movement has not been widely studied.
In this poster we present data from 8 mixed A-site cation systems, using additives of varying size, dipole moment and chemistry: e.g. ammonium, rubidium, formamidinium and dimethylammonium amongst others. 5 mol% of each additive was used in a MAPI parent material in order to maintain the 3D perovskite structure. Data to examine the effect of different additives on both thin films and full PSC are displayed. The effect of the additives on the EIS spectra are examined, more specifically the low frequency features that are related to iodide diffusion in the lattice.
1 J. Burschka, N. Pellet, S.-J. Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Gao, M. K. Nazeeruddin and M. Grätzel, Nature, 2013, 499, 316–9.
2 J. H. Noh, S. H. Im, J. H. Heo, T. N. Mandal and S. Il Seok, Nano Lett., 2013, 13, 1764–1769.
3 G. Richardson, S. O’Kane, R. G. Niemann, T. A. Peltola, J. M. Foster, P. J. Cameron, A. Walker, S. E. J. O’Kane, R. G. Niemann, T. A. Peltola, J. M. Foster, P. J. Cameron and A. B.Walker, Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 1476–1485.
4 J. H. Heo and S. H. Im, Nanoscale, 2016.
5 A. Pockett, G. E. Eperon, N. Sakai, H. J. Snaith, L. M. Peter and P. J. Cameron, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 5959–5970.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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