A Scalable Crystal Engineering Approach for Fabrication of Efficient and Stable Multi Cation/Anion Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Via Sequential Deposition in Ambient Condition

Narges Yaghoobi Nia^a, Fabrizio Giordano^b, Mahmoud Zendehdel^c, Alessandro Lorenzo Palma^a, Lucio Cinà^d, Fabio Matteocci^a, Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin^b, Michael Graetzel^b, Aldo Di Carlo^a

^aCHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Via del Politecnico, 1, Roma, Italy

^bLaboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

^cK.S.R.I (Kimia Solar Research Institute), Kimia Solar Company, Isfahan, 87137-45868, Iran.

^dCicci Research srl, via Giordania 227, Grosseto 58100, Italy.

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)

Benidorm, Spain, 2018 May 28th - 31st

Organizers: Emilio Palomares and Rene Janssen

Poster, Narges Yaghoobi Nia, 196
Publication date: 21st February 2018

Perovskite solar cells evolved from solid-state dye-sensitized cells [1,2] and have quickly become one of the most promising emerging thin-film PV technologies, with leading certified efficiencies reaching 22.7% [3]. In the present study by using Crystal Engineering (CE) approach [4], we optimized a scalable fabrication process for the sequential deposition of double and triple cation hybrid perovskites (FA1-x-yMAxCsy)Pb(I1-xBrx)3 By controlling the cation intercalation and the crystal growth of PbX2 intermediate layer, we could fabricate high efficiency multi cation/anion perovskite solar cells and modules. In this work we show how we control the nucleation and crystal growth of PbX2 intermediate layer by using thermal pre-activation of mp-TiO2 surface and slow evaporation of DMF/DMSO solvent, respectively. In the second step, we also have increased the rate of perovskite nucleation and controlled the crystal growth by intercalation of the cations. All the fabrication steps and depositions have been done in ambient conditions RH = 60-65 % (out of Glove box). Finally, the stability of the fabricated multi cation/anion solar cells and modules via this novel sequential deposition approach, are significantly increased when compared to single cation MAPbI3 PSCs. The results show that the CE approach remarkably improved the device performance reaching a power conversion efficiency of 18.6 %, 16.5 %, 12.7 % and 11.5 % for small area (0.1 cm2 a.a.) and large area (1 cm2 a.a.) devices and perovskite solar modules with 17 and 50 cm2 a.a., respectively.

References

[1] H.-S. Kim, C.-R. Lee, J.-H. Im, K.-B. Lee, T. Moehl, A. Marchioro, S.-J. Moon, R.Humphry-Baker, J.-H. Yum, J. E. Moser, M. Grätzel and N.-G. Park, Sci. Rep., 2012, 2, 591-597.

[2] M. M. Lee, J. Teuscher, T. Miyasaka, T. N. Murakami and H. J. Snaith, Science, 2012, 338, 643-647.

[3] Best Research-Cell Efficiencies, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2018, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png (accessed 2 February 2018).

[4] N. Yaghoobi Nia, M. Zendehdel, L. Cina, F. Matteocci, A. Di Carlo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 659-671.

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