Publication date: 15th December 2025
Implantable electronics enable continuous monitoring and modulation of electrophysiological signals. Yet, the mechanical mismatch between rigid electronic components and soft tissues can cause damage and inflammation, and elastomers commonly used for soft electronics may still show limited biocompatibility. Here we present an elastomeric organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based on a composite of semiconducting nanofibres and a biocompatible elastomer. The composite film—comprising poly[(dithiophene)-alt-(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-bis(thienyl)-diketopyrrolopyrrole)] blended with bromo isobutyl–isoprene rubber—combines high stretchability and biocompatibility, with a Young’s modulus comparable to that of human tissue and stable electrical performance under 50% strain. Robust, stretchable, and biofluid-corrosion-resistant electrodes are achieved using a biocompatible dual-layer silver/gold metallization. The resulting transistors operate reliably in logic circuits, including inverters, NOR gates, and NAND gates, under physiological conditions. In vitro studies with human dermal fibroblasts and macrophages reveal no measurable effects on cell viability, proliferation, or migration. In vivo implantation in mice further indicates minimal inflammatory response and no evident tissue damage, supporting the long-term integration potential of these devices.
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2021-NR061555, RS-2020-NR049601), NRF funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (RS-2024-00405818), GRRC program of Gyeonggi province (GRRCKYUNGHEE2023-B03) and the Korea Institute for the Advancement of Technology (KIAT) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (RS-2024-00434908, RS-2021-KI002513 and RS-2025-25435993).
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