Proceedings of Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics (ABXPV17)
Publication date: 18th December 2016
Organo-lead halide perovskite (e.g. CH3NH3PbX3, with X=I,Br,Cl) have been widely used to prepare highly efficient solar cell devices with efficiencies already surpassing 20%. Most of the highest efficiency devices use perovskite absorbers with mixed halide composition (I,Cl or I,Br) that are prepared by wet-chemical methods such as spin-coating. While the wet-chemical preparation methods allow fast and cheap material synthesis, vapor deposition has also been proven to be a successful alternative method that may be better suited for large scale production. Furthermore, issues concerning dissolubility and the influence of the substrate/atmospheric pressure are avoided or at least reduced, making vacuum-based co-evaporation well suited for a fast screening of the formation limits of the different perovskite phases if the phase formation under different molecular flux ratios can be monitored. In our group with have built an evaporation chamber equipped with a dedicated X-ray diffractometer, which allows us to study the formation and evolution of the different phases during thin film growth. In this contribution, we show our advances in investigating the MAPb(I,Cl)3 and MAPb(I,Br)3 compositional ranges and compare them to the pure MAPbI3 perovskite. In contrast to the case of MAPb(I,Cl)3 and to theoretical predictions, we were not able to identify an explicit miscibility gap for the MAPb(I,Br)3 solid solution in our experiments. However, we do observe the formation of PbI2 and PbBr2 secondary phases alongside the perovskite when co-evaporating CH3NH3I (MAI) and PbBr with varying flux ratios. Furthermore, the phase evolution under thermal stressing and the critical temperature for the decomposition of the perovskite thin films is investigated and compared for the different halide precursors.
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