Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics and Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nipho.2022.021
Publication date: 11th November 2021
Recently, there has been a lot of interest in stabilizing organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells. Sputtering ITO on top of devices has shown to be an effective barrier layer for increasing device stability of planar PSCs.[1], [2] Sputtered ITO stabilizes the devices by suppressing the ingression of moisture, egression of methylamine (MA) cation, metal migration, and corrosion of metal electrodes by interaction with halides in the perovskite. However, sputtering on top of the perovskite solar cell is often reported as a process that can damage the beneath layers.[3] Sputtering damage is generally attributed to the hard bombardment of cathode-generated particles onto the substrate causing the damage. Moreover, the UV/plasma generated during the sputtering process is also linked to "sputter damage". To tackle this damage metal oxide buffer layer is generally used. However, the metal oxide is still prone to damage depending on the sputtering parameters.[4] Here, we made an attempt to understand and decouple the two damages. Further, an in-depth investigation on the role of thickness, target power density, and working pressure was optimized to demonstrate highly efficient stable perovskite solar cells. To demonstrate the efficacy of this optimization, cells and modules were realized achieving improved efficiencies and stabilities. Further, we show that employing such holistic optimization has wide implications in single-junction, semi-transparent, and tandem applications where ITO sputtering is used as the top electrode on PSC.
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