Proceedings of nanoGe Spring Meeting 2022 (NSM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nsm.2022.182
Publication date: 7th February 2022
Nowadays, overcoming the stability issue of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while keeping high efficiency has become an urgent need for the future of this technology. We will show that getting stable PSC begins with the preparation of high-quality perovskite layers and that employing additives in the perovskite precursor solution allows to reach this objective. Two families of additives will be developed in the talk: halides and nanoparticles. We have highlighted the effect of chloride additives on the formation mechanism of methylammonium-free Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 films upon annealing. By composition profile evolution tracking, two formation steps are distinguished: first the superficial residual solvent is eliminated, second, the solvent in the depth of the film is evaporated. The elimination profile signs the final morphology of the layer. The downward (top-down) growth has been encountered for the pristine and potassium chloride additive cases. It led to the formation of multiple boundaries and middle-sized grain morphology. We unveil that employing both potassium chloride and ammonium chloride additives forces the homogeneous elimination of the solvent across the layer, and then the lateral growth of the grains. It results in large size, monolithic and defect-poor grains with good coverage of the substrate which are the targeted properties for high efficiency and stability. Similar film formation steps and growth direction control have been highlighted by comparing the formation mechanism of MAPbI3 films with and without gold nanoparticles. The pristine layer grows in the top-down direction, while the presence of nanoparticles results in a lateral growth and formation of a monolithic structure.
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