Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics, Photonics and Optoelectronics (ABXPV18PEROPTO)
Publication date: 11th December 2017
Inorganic-organic halide perovskite photovoltaics, with a PCE of over 22%, have become highly competitive in commercial applications. This type of semiconductor has potential for use in light emitting diodes, lasers and photodetectors. However, there are significant obstacles to be overcome. The devices which demonstrate the highest performance all contain lead, which is toxic and undesirable and they degrade significantly in the presence of moisture. Their instability is a significant limiting factor to their application. It has been shown that mixing the organic, Methylammonium (MA) A cation of the ABX3 structure with Caesium (Cs) or Fomamidinium (FA), results in higher thermal stability, while the X halide can be mixed with a combination of Chloride (Cl), Bromide (Br) and Iodide (I). In addition to increased stability, mixing the ratios of components in the perovskite results in tunability of the bandgap, making them suitable for tandem solar cell devices.
Research has, in part, turned to homovalent substitution of the B cation with divalent Tin (Sn) or Germanium (Ge). Other germanium containing compounds, such as chalcogenides, have been shown to be superior to lead with regards to optical absorption and optical conductivity. Unfortunately, these materials demonstrate similar stability problems due to the oxidation of these elements to their +4 oxidation states, which results in considerably poorer PCEs. It can be argued however, that stabilising these materials and achieving high PCEs will continue to revolutionise this industry.
Inspired by the computational work by M.G. Ju et al. and M. Roknuzzaman, this work is focused on the synthesis of individual mixed metal perovskite CsBI3 (B = Sn, Ge) with the future aim of developing their synthesis as nanomaterials.
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