Publication date: 15th May 2025
Topological defects (i.e., dislocation, grain boundaries) play an essential role in the properties of crystalline materials. When the size of the crystallite or functional domain of the materials decreases to the nanometer scale, the defects predominantly determine those properties. To date, however, neither bottom-up nor top-down methods for synthesizing nanocrystalline materials have been able to find a reliable way of controlling these defects. Herein, we demonstrate the delicate control of the heteroepitaxy of the shell on the nanocrystal core to produce various nanocrystallites, 3D organized with uniform grain-boundaries and related defects. In the resulting structures, the 3D-patterned strain field, which exists in the form of disclinations and dislocations, can be determined with atomic precision and even tailored. Through multiscale crystallography and spectroscopy, we have also confirmed that the uniformity and discreteness of the defects allow us to find a reliable correlation between the local defects and collective electrochemical properties (i.e. catalytic activities for oxygen reduction reactions). Lastly, the current research focus on building next-generation functional nanomaterials for energy nanotechnology using nanocrystallite engineering will be discussed.
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