Publication date: 15th May 2025
The surfaces of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exhibit multiple equilibrium processes, including ligand exchange and redox reactions. These reactions affect photoluminescence quantum yield and charge transfer during photocatalysis. Although understanding how to control these reactions is critical, quantification of these surface equilibria can be challenging. Here, CdSe and CdS QD surfaces were functionalized with a series of CdX2 ligands with metal carbonyl anions (X– = [Co(CO)4]–, [Co(CO)3P(OPh)3]–, [Co(CO)3PPh3]–, cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl anion (Fp–)) with high electronic tunability. IR spectral redox titration and spectroeletrochemistry were used to measure the electrochemical potentials of surface Cd2+ sites of the CdSe-CdX2 and CdS-CdX2 QDs. The results show that the anion basicity tunes the surface reduction potential by >1 V. Further, less Lewis basic anions also cause CdX2 Z-type ligand to be displaced more readily by solvent molecules. Taken together, these results indicate Lewis basicity and complexation is a critical factor in controlling QD surface equilibria.
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