Publication date: 15th May 2025
Hot electrons produced via exciton-to-hot electron upconversion using visible light in Mn-doped semiconductor quantum dots has demonstrated their superb ability to perform challenging reduction reactions taking advantage of high reduction potential and long-range transfer capability. However, the efficiency of generating usable hot electrons for the reactions that can only be carried out with hot electrons and the quantum yield of reaction by hot electrons (photon-to-product yield) is difficult to quantify. Here, we show a simple and reliable approach to quantify the quantum yield of hot electron-enabled reaction under given reaction conditions and also demonstrate the possible enhancement of hot electron-enabled reduction reaction by external electric field. Our result indicates that the lower limit of the quantum yield of hot electron-enabled reduction of monochloroacetic acid (reduction potential: -2.7 V vs NHE in water) using Mn-doped CdSSe/ZnS quantum dots under 455 nm excitation at ~0.15 W/cm2 is 10-20 %. With the optimization of the reaction environment in conjunction with external field, we anticipate further enhancement of the efficiency of reduction reaction by the upconverted hot electrons.
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