Publication date: 15th May 2025
Since the end of the 1990s, the inorganic core of CQDs has been their key appeal as infrared solution processed optical materials. Striking milestones were PbS CQD short wave infrared imaging in 2008, background limited detection with HgTe CQDs in 2015, and thermal imaging a year later. A growing number of companies around the world work on infrared imagers with simply spun-on CQD inks on CMOS chips.
Work on CQD detectors is well advanced, and the goals are to reach relevant performances and extend the coverage to longer wavelengths. In an exciting new development, biased CQDs can readily produce intraband cascade electroluminescence in the mid-infrared. As a result, CQDs now provide both mid-infrared detectors and light sources.
I will then discuss the central challenge of making brighter CQDs. Experiments point to energy transfer to yet uncontrolled/unspecified IR absorption that bypasses far-field emission. This has a strong impact on detector sensitivity, and HgTe CQDs for 5 microns, 8.5 microns, and 12 microns show the correlation of poorer sensitivity with weaker emission. While we still struggle to find a materials solution, nanoantenna and the Purcell effect already allow CQD mid-infrared detectors and emitters with impressive performance.
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