DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.almips.2021.021
Publication date: 23rd September 2021
The control of the light using the nonlinear optical properties of a given material paves the road towards the full manipulation of an optical wave. A nonlinear material is characterized by the dependence of the refractive index, in both the real and the imaginary parts, by the incoming beam and gives rise to a broad range of applications including switching, optical limiting, supercontinuum generation, or frequency combs, among others. Nevertheless, optical materials are usually characterized by their low nonlinear coefficients, which make difficult or inefficient the development of the aforementioned applications.
On the other hand, the extraordinary progress of halide perovskite in solar cells or optical sources [1] suggest that this family of materials could present a similar success in the nonlinear generation of the light [2]. For this purpose, it is mandatory to characterize the nonlinear coefficients on these materials. In the present work, a full characterization of β (nonlinear absorption) and n2 (nonlinear refraction on CH3NH3PbX3 polycrystalline films and colloidal nanoparticles of CsPbX3 for X = I3, Br3 and Br1.5I1.5 under pulsed nanosecond excitation is presented [3]. The bright generation of photoluminescence under infrared excitation demonstrates a high two photon absorption coefficient, with values as high as β = 1500 cm/GW. Besides, a modified Z-scan technique with imaging processing is proposed to analyze the nonlinear refraction coefficient (n2) without the influence of scattering or other undesirable effects. Our experimental data agree quite well with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the accuracy of the method and applications to other materials. Moreover, n2 parameter reaches values of 3.5 cm2/GW, higher than that found for silicon. Finally, we analyze the potential role of metal halide perovskites as nonlinear photonic materials and propose the potential applications.
I. Suárez: Active photonic devices based on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and organometallic halide perovskites, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 75, 30001, 2016.
A. Ferrando, et al.: Toward Metal Halide Perovskite Nonlinear Photonics, J. Phys. Chem Lett., vol. 9, pp. 5612-5623, 2016
I. Suárez, et al.: Outstanding nonlinear optical properties of methylammonium- and Cs-PbX3 (X = Br, I, and Br–I) perovskites: Polycrystalline thin films and nanoparticles, APL Mater., vol. 7, pp. 041106, 2019
Financial support from Spanish MINECO through Project
No. TEC2017-86102-C2-1-R and the European Research Council (ERC) via Consolidator Grant (724424—No-LIMIT) are gratefully acknowledged.
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