Publication date: 22nd April 2022
Nanotheranostic is an encouraging strategy to perform in tumors targeted diagnosis and therapy. This approach is based on the use of particles with nanoscale size (nanoparticles, NPs) as carriers for contrast agents (CAs) and drugs.
In our previous studies, photoacoustic (PA) properties of hybrid NPs (MelaSil_Ag), composed of a metallic silver clustered in a silicon and melanin like compound shell functionalized with Human Serum Albumin (HSA), were tested.
In this study, MelaSil_Ag NPs were loaded with DOX (MelaSil_Ag-HSA@DOX) to assess their chemothermal therapy efficiency. Data showed that DOX loaded-NPs is more effective with the tested breast cancer cell line, compared to the free drug under the same experimental conditions, allowing the use of lower drug concentrations and time exposure. This effect is probably due to the combination of targeted delivery with the overcoming of multidrug resistance.
Next, the cytotoxic effect of the DOX-loaded NPs followed by laser irradiation at 808 nm to induce photothermal phenomena in NPs was investigated. After 6h of treatment at the lowest concentration, the synergistic effect of temperature increases and DOX toxicity, associated to the improved drug release after photothermal heating, produces a relatively higher cytotoxicity compared to dark conditions.
All together, our results confirm that photothermal therapy (PTT) improves the therapeutic effect of MelaSil_Ag-HSA@DOX NPs. In conclusion, the use of DOX loaded NPs, thanks to chemo- and photothermal approaches, allows the reduction of DOX effective concentration and time exposure.
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