DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.amamed.2022.015
Publication date: 22nd April 2022
Optical hyperthermia mediated by plasmonic materials is a non-invasive technique that allows controlled temperature increase of biological tissues. Many factors, conditions, and parameters influence the therapeutic effects of heat, including intensity and irradiation time and number of pulses. Increasing evidence suggests heat-based therapies not only for cancer treatment but also in regenerative medicine, to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration. Recently, photothermal agents such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as nano-hotspot to selectively generate heat in a spatiotemporal fashion, which is known as photothermal therapy [1]. Cnidarians have a long history as experimental models for regeneration due to their spectacular ability to rebuild any missing body part from tiny pieces of tissue, representing unique models for regenerative medicine. The effects induced by heat or light irradiation on the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris have been recently investigated [2-3], opening an interesting scenario on the possibility of developing new optothermal actuators to enhance their regenerative potential. Gold nanoparticles due to plasmonic features can release precise doses of heat under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and in Hydra they have been shown able to induce diverse responses [4], ranging from cell ablation to programmed cell death or thermo tolerance by simply tuning the NP shape, size and in turn their thermal properties. By tuning the NIR irradiation and the AuNPs dose, the capability of treated polyps to regenerate the missing heads under photostimulation has been dissected at whole animal, cellular and molecular levels and compared to exposure to external macroscopic heat sources, suggesting an innovative application of mild hyperthermia mediated by AuNPs to enhance tissue regeneration. The results reveal the action of heat on animal physiology and open new perspectives for the development of technologies based on hyperthermia for tissue regeneration.
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