DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.amamed.2022.018
Publication date: 22nd April 2022
Conductive polymers are very attractive for biomedical applications. The potential to respond to light and electrical stimuli finds application in a wide range of nanomedical strategies, such as nerve and tissue regeneration (i.e. polypyrrole), enhanced neuronal growth (i.e. by polypyrrole functionalized with laminin), drug delivery and phototherapy. Often the effectiveness of new approaches is impaired by low biocompatibility, reduced biodegradability and the inefficient recognition of endogenous components or specific targets. In this direction, an effective strategy is the engineering of physiological processes in situ, in a non-invasive way, leading to the addition of non-native properties and functionality to endogenous components and biological systems. The fluorophore dithienothiophene-S,S-dioxide (DTTO) is able to spontaneously enter human and mouse cell lines and become incorporated into protein structures giving rise to fluorescent and conducting fibrils, without causing adverse effects on cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, by using the freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris, we demonstrated in vivo the stable incorporation of the dye into supramolecular protein-dye co-assembled microfibers without signs of toxicity. Electric force microscopy showed electrical conductivity and circular dichroism analysis confirmed the presence of proteins within the fibers. In order to understand the molecular mechanism underlaying the fiber biogenesis and to improve their use for new biomedical approaches, here we demonstrated the possibility to induce DTTO-fibers production in different cell lines and in vivo models (such as Nematostella vectensis) and to modulate the production process using diverse treatment conditions. This approach could open the path to directly engineering a living organism, allowing to manipulate and to control physiological processes
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