Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ap-hopv.2018.009
Publication date: 27th October 2017
Self-assembled 2D–3D heterostructured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halide perovskites for stable and efficient solar cells
Zhiping Wang*, Qianqian Lin, Francis P. Chmiel, Nobuya Sakai, Laura M. Herz and Henry J. Snaith*
Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
*Correspondence: zhiping.wang@physics.ox.ac.uk; henry.snaith@physics.ox.ac.uk
Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have undergone a meteoric rise in cell efficiency to > 22%. However, the perovskite absorber layer is prone to degradation in water, oxygen and UV light. Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites have exhibited promising environmental stability, but perform less well in solar cells, possibly due to the inhibition of out-of-plane charge transport by the insulating spacer cations. Alternatively, moving away from methylammonium, to the mixed cation formamidinium-caesium based perovskites has led to considerably enhancement of the stability of 3D perovskite absorber layers1. Here we incorporate butylammonium, within the caesium-formamidinium lead halide perovskite2. We observe “plate-like” two-dimensional-phase crystallites standing up between the three-dimensional perovskite grains, and remarkably enhanced crystallinity. We observe inhibition of non-radiative recombination within this “hetero-structured” film, which we postulate to be due to interfacial grain boundary passivation. In complete solar cells, we achieved a stabilised efficiency of 19.5% with a 1.61 eV bandgap perovskite and 17.3% employing a 1.72 eV bandgap perovskite. Additionaally, we observe greatly enhanced stability under simulated sun light, with cells sustaining 80% of their “post burn-in” efficiency after 1,000 hrs in air, and 4,000 hrs when encapsulated. Our work illustrates that engineering heterostructures between 2D and 3D perovskite phases is possible, and can lead to enhancement of both performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
References
1. Wang, Z. et al. Efficient and Air-Stable Mixed-Cation Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n-Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604186 (2017).
2. Wang, Z. et al. Efficient and ambient-air-stable solar cells with 2D-3D hetero-structured butylammonium-caesium-formamidinium lead halide perovskites. Nat. Energy 2, 17135 (2017).
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