Tin-Rich and Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Eric Wei-Guang Diau a
a National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu, Taiwan, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)
Kitakyūshū-shi, Japan, 2018 January 28th - 30th
Organizers: Shuzi Hayase, Juan Bisquert and Hiroshi Segawa
Invited Speaker, Eric Wei-Guang Diau, presentation 060
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ap-hopv.2018.060
Publication date: 27th October 2017

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have attracted much attention in recent years due to the rapid progress on the performance of PSC to attain PCE over 22 % within 5 years. However, conventional perovskite light absorbers contain the toxic lead element that should be replaced by other environmentally benign elements. Herein we report both tin-rich and pure tin-based PSC based on various device configurations. For the tin-rich perovskites, we designed and synthesized alloyed Sn-Pb mixed halide perovskites by dipping the precursor solutions on the mesoporous films with the TiO2/Al2O3/C configuration to form solar cells free of organic HTM. The photovoltaic performance was further improved on adding 30 mol % of tin fluoride (SnF2) with device configuration FTO/TiO2/Al2O3/NiO/C producing best power conversion efficiency 5.2 % with great reproducibility and intrinsic stability. To make a stable pure tin perovskite free of lead, we varied SnCl2/SnBr2 ratios to yield tin perovskites with three halides (I, Br and Cl) co-crystallized inside the tin-perovskite crystals (MASnIBr2-xClx) according to the stoichiometric ratios of the precursors. When the SnCl2 proportion was equal to or greater than 50 % (x  1), phase separation occurred to generate MASnI3-yBry and MASnCl3-zBrz according to the stoichiometric proportions of their precursors, confirmed with the corresponding XRD analysis. A device with MASnIBr1.8Cl0.2 (SnCl2 = 10 %) showed the best photovoltaic performance: JSC = 14.0 mA cm-2, VOC = 380 mV, FF = 0.573 and PCE = 3.1 %, with great reproducibility and long-term stability. The devices made of 2D tin-based PSC will also be introduced and discussed.

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