Solvent Engineering to Improve the Morphology and Enhance the Conversion Efficiency of Silver-Bismuth Halide Light Absorbing Materials for Efficient Lead Free Perovskite Solar Cells.
Ashish Kulkarni a, Tsutomu Miyasaka a
a Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, 1614, Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama, 225-8503
Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)
Kitakyūshū-shi, Japan, 2018 January 28th - 30th
Organizers: Shuzi Hayase, Juan Bisquert and Hiroshi Segawa
Poster, Ashish Kulkarni, 111
Publication date: 27th October 2017

Streaming from the field of dye-sensitized solar cells, the first device architecture employing organic-inorganic lead halide material as a light harvesting material demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8% and no sooner the PCE upsurge to 22.1% certified efficiency in less than 10 years. This rapid rise in PCE is attributed to exceptional optoelectronic properties such as long carrier diffusion length, ambipolar charge mobility, band gap of 1.6 eV and above all to device engineering by simple solution process. However, perovskite solar cell suffers from long term stability as the material degrades into its non-photoactive byproducts, that is, MAI and PbI2. Efforts to improve the stability were performed by developing perovskite material based on compositional engineering, triple and multi-cation system. Also, interface engineering and recycling of degraded perovskite devices have been carried out at research laboratory level and long term stability up to several hours to weeks have been demonstrated however long term stability to several tens of years still remains a big challenge. On the other hand, the toxicity concern of lead (Pb) can become an obstacle for commercialization and has been reported to cause severe damage to nervous and reproductive system upon exposure. Tin (Sn), germanium (Ge) based perovskite were demonstrated to address the Pb toxicity issue but unfortunately they suffer from structural instabilities and recently toxicity concern of Sn perovskite has been reported as it releases large amount of hydroiodic (HI) acid into the environment.

Recently bismuth iodide in combination with silver iodide based cubic material was demonstrated as a promising material to replace lead halide perovskites. Herein we present our ongoing work on solvent engineering and the effect of various polymer hole transporting materials (HTM) to improve the morphology and stability of various silver-bismuth-halide (Ag-Bi-I) materials and also simultaneously improve the device performance.

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