Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)
Publication date: 27th October 2017
Despite the highly-competitive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), there is a concern about their environmental toxicity, which may hamper their practical utilization. As an alternative, less-toxic tin (Sn)-based PSCs have been extensively investigated. Sn-based perovskite displays narrow bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, small exciton binding energies, and low effective masses of charges. However, pure Sn-based PSCs suffer from extreme instability and poor reproducibility as a result of the easy oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. This leads to self-doped hole, which causes short of an electric circuit and severe carrier recombination. Phenylethylamine(PEA)-methylammonium(MA) mixed-cation Sn-PSCs has reported to show improved stability and PCEs (8–9%), owing to passivation of surface trap1 or the change of multicrystalline morphology.2 Formamidinium(FA)-MA hybrid Sn based-PSCs also showed as high as 8.12% power conversion efficiency.3
Herein, we investigate the effect of mixed-cation (FA-MA-PEA) Sn-based PSCs on the optoelectronics (local mobility and recombination) by using flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) technique. Previously, we have reported that FASnI3 and MASnI3 are immediately degraded upon minutes-scale exposure to the air.4 Thus the mixed-cation Sn-PSCs were covered by insulated polystyrene and subjected to TRMC and XRD measurements. We found that the photoconductivities of mixed-cation Sn-PSCs are greatly dependent on the mixing ratio, which is much larger than the pristine FASnI3 and MASnI3 that are orders of magnitudes lower than MAPbI3.
References
[1] Y. Liao, H. Liu, W. Zhou, D. Yang, Y. Shang, Z. Shi, B. Li, X. Jiang, L. Zhang, L. N. Quan, R. Quintero-Bermudez, B. R. Sutherland, Q. Mi, E. H. Sargent, Z. Ning, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 6693.
[2] S. Shao, J. Liu, G. Portale, H.-H. Fang, G. R. Blake, G. H. ten Brink, L. J. A. Koster, M. A. Loi Adv. Energy Mater. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201702019.
[3] Z. Zhao, F. Gu, Y. Li, W. Sun, S. Ye, H. Rao, Z. Liu, Z. Bian, C. Huang, Adv. Sci. DOI:10.1002/advs.20170020.
[4] R. Nishikubo, N. Ishida, Y. Katsuki, A. Wakamiya, A. Saeki, J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 19650.
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