Strategic advantages of reactive polyiodide melts for scalable perovskite photovoltaics

Ivan Turkevych^a, Said Kazaoui^b, Nikolai A. Belich^c, Aleksei Y. Grishko^c, Sergey A. Fateev^c, Andrey A. Petrov^c, Toshiyuki Urano^a, Shinji Aramaki^a, Sonya Kosar^d, Michio Kondo^b, Eugene A. Goodilin^e, Michael Graetzel^f, Alexey B. Tarasov^c

^aChemical Materials Evaluation and Research Base (CEREBA), AIST, Tsukuba, Japan

^bNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Higashi, Ibaraki, Japan

^cLaboratory of New Materials for Solar Energetics, Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU),, Moscow, Russian Federation

^dOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST),, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan

^eChemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Lenin Hills, Moscow, Russian Federation

^fLaboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)

Kitakyūshū-shi, Japan, 2018 January 28th - 30th

Organizers: Shuzi Hayase, Juan Bisquert and Hiroshi Segawa

Oral, Ivan Turkevych, presentation 142
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ap-hopv.2018.142
Publication date: 27th October 2017

Despite tremendous progress in efficiency and stability of hybrid perovskite solar cells, perovskite photovoltaics still faces the challenge of upscaling. In my presentation I will reveal unique advantages of reactive polyiodide melts for the development of an innovative solvent-free technology that automatically ensures 100% coverage and excellent optoelectronic quality of hybrid perovskite films over large areas. Reaction of organic CH3NH3I (MAI) or mixed iodide salts containing MAI, NH2CHNH2I (FAI) and CsI with elementary iodine vapor produces liquid polyiodide phases that readily convert metallic Pb to hybrid perovskites at near room temperature. The conversion reaction is very fast, proceeds without byproducts and does not involve usage of extrinsic media. Furthermore, a large overall volume increase during Pb conversion into perovskite guarantees formation of pin‑hole free layers. I will demonstrate applicability of this synthetic route to the fabrication of single- and multi-cation hybrid perovskite thin films and solar cells. In addition to providing comparative argumentation about strategic advantages of our method for scalable perovskite photovoltaics, I am going to stress about its fundamental importance, universality and advanced implications not only for photovoltaics, but also for all kinds of thin film optoelectronic devices based on hybrid perovskites, such as LED, UV-Vis and soft x-ray photodetectors.

From the fundamental point of view, only two methods for the fabrication of hybrid perovskite thin films were known so far:

1) Crystallization from extrinsic media: MAPbI3(Sol) ® MAPbI3(S) + Sol (i.e. solutions in organic solvents or excessive amine liquids)

2) Combination reaction of two halides: PbI2(S/V) + MAI(S/Solv/V) ® MAPbI3(S) (i.e. dipping PbI2 layers into MAI solution in isopropanol (IPA), annealing of PbI2 in MAI vapor in hybrid CVD, co-evaporation of PbI2 and MAI, etc. )

These two basic methods are implemented in various ways and flavors, however, in none of them hybrid perovskite films are obtained directly through a redox reaction. In our method, hybrid perovskite films are obtained through a direct redox reaction between metallic Pb and reactive polyiodide melts, MAI3(L) or mixed MA(Cs,FA)I3(L), that changes oxidation states of Pb0 ® Pb2+ and I3 ® 3I- and creates a strong driving force for the conversion process.

Thus, our method is a third fundamental method for the fabrication of hybrid perovskite thin films. For that reason, we believe that being fundamentally distinct it opens an entire new field of research on hybrid perovskites with broad opportunities.

nanoGe is a prestigious brand of successful science conferences that are developed along the year in different areas of the world since 2009. Our worldwide conferences cover cutting-edge materials topics like perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, solar fuel conversion, surface science, catalysis and two-dimensional materials, among many others.

MATSUS

Previously nanoGe Spring Meeting (NSM) and nanoGe Fall Meeting (NFM), MATSUS is a multiple symposia conference focused on a broad set of topics of advanced materials preparation, their fundamental properties, and their applications, in fields such as renewable energy, photovoltaics, lighting, semiconductor quantum dots, 2-D materials synthesis, charge carriers dynamics, microscopy and spectroscopy semiconductors fundamentals, etc.

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.

Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics

The main topics of the Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP) are discussed every year in Asia-Pacific for gathering the recent advances in the fields of material preparation, modeling and fabrication of perovskite and hybrid and organic materials. Photovoltaic devices are analyzed from fundamental physics and materials properties to a broad set of applications. The conference also covers the developments of perovskite optoelectronics, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.

International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics

The International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO) is the best place to hear the latest developments in perovskite solar cells as well as on recent advances in the fields of perovskite light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.