Publication date: 17th July 2025
A series of CaMoO₄ phosphors doped with Tb³⁺ ions (1–11 mol%) were synthesized using the nitrate-citrate gel combustion method. Phase purity was confirmed through Powder X-ray Diffraction and further validated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Systematic investigations were conducted on their structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties. The composition with 5% Tb³⁺ exhibited the highest PL intensity. Co-doping with Eu³⁺ ions (1–5 mol%) enabled efficient energy transfer from Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺, resulting in tunable emissions ranging from green (544 nm, Tb³⁺:⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transition) to red (615 nm, Eu³⁺:⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition). The composition with 5% Tb³⁺ and 2% Eu³⁺ was further optimized by incorporating Li⁺ ions (1–5 mol%). Notably, 3% Li⁺ doping enhanced PL intensity without altering the Tb³⁺/Eu³⁺ emission ratio, attributable to improved crystallinity and charge compensation effects.
The optimized CaMoO₄:Tb³⁺-Eu³⁺-Li⁺ phosphor was assessed for multifunctional applications. Firstly, the Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ energy transfer facilitated tunable emission from the green to red spectral regions, demonstrating potential for solid-state lighting and display applications. Secondly, the material showed strong PL quenching in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting its feasibility as an optical antibiotic sensor. Thirdly, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) studies were conducted over a wide temperature range (15K–573K). At low temperatures (15K–300K), the luminescence intensity exhibited systematic quenching due to thermal effects, with the highest absolute sensitivity (Sa) observed for I486/I591 (6.87 × 10⁻³ K⁻¹ at 300 K). The highest relative sensitivity (Sr) was recorded for I544/I615 and I646/I701 (1.24% K⁻¹ at 300 K), demonstrating a strong temperature-dependent response. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures (303K–573K), the phosphor retained 88% of its luminescence at 423K, indicating excellent thermal stability and suitability for high-temperature optical thermometry. These findings establish CaMoO₄:Tb³⁺-Eu³⁺-Li⁺ as a promising multifunctional phosphor for optoelectronic and sensing applications, including ratiometric temperature sensing.
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