Publication date: 17th July 2025
Today, quantum dots (QDs) are in high demand for display and LED applications. Many groups worldwide are advancing on‑chip QLEDs, electroluminescent QLEDs, and photoluminescent color‑filter organic LEDs (QOLEDs). Electroluminescent quantum‑dot LEDs combine high brightness, fast response, low operating voltages, exceptional color purity, and cost‑effective integration, and are poised to transform the display industry. As an alternative to pseudo-spherical 0-D QDs, 1-D quantum rods (QRs) have recently emerged as efficient, robust emitters in both photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) devices. Their dipolar emission—especially when transition‑dipole moments lie horizontally—enhances light out‑coupling, potentially boosting external quantum efficiency (EQE) by ~48%[1]. Moreover, unidirectionally aligned QR films emit polarized light, improving display optical efficiency and ambient contrast.
We have synthesized low‑Cd QRs via one-pot soft‑metal–catalyzed Cd²⁺→Zn²⁺ exchange, achieving narrow‑band emission tunable across the visible spectrum, near‑100% PL quantum yield, and excellent thermal stability. In down‑conversion white LEDs, it delivers >120 000 nits brightness and cover 92% of the BT2020 gamut, with a record luminous efficacy of 149 lm/W[2]. Our QRLED display prototypes use cal. ~300× less material than conventional QD color‑conversion films. Furthermore, using optimized liquid‑crystal‑like ligands and combination of photo‑alignment/lithography process, for the first time, we engineered red and green luminescent color filters that emit polarized light (DOP ≈ 0.65), enhancing LCD contrast under ambient lighting[3].
For EL devices, we tailored a gradient QR shell with minimal thickness and reduced Zn content, paired with short organic ligands to lower injection barriers. A proposed bilayer hole‑transport layer increases hole injection while suppressing electron leakage, achieving optimal charge balance. These optimizations yielded record EQEs of >24% at ultrahigh brightness. We showed the first green-emitting QRLEDs that exceed 500 000 cd/m² brightness and maintain T₅₀ lifetimes over 16 000 h at 100 cd/m², making them highly attractive for next-generation high–color-gamut displays and lighting applications[4].
This work is supported by the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong SAR (Nos. 26202019 and 16205623), an Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) grant, ITS/059/22MX, and the funding for The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Hong Kong University of science and technology, Hong Kong.
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