Publication date: 17th July 2025
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has attracted considerable attention as a photoanode material for artificial photosynthesis owing to its advantageous optical characteristics, suitable band edge positions, and high electron mobility, all of which make it promising for driving water oxidation. Nevertheless, its actual efficiency falls far short of the theoretical limit because of poor chemical stability under oxidative environments and the fast recombination of photogenerated carriers. To address these drawbacks, various approaches such as nanostructuring, heteroatom incorporation, and interface modification have been pursued. In this study, we present ZnO nanorods coated with a precisely controlled ZnWO4 shell (ZnO@ZnWO4), fabricated through an optimized chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique that allows fine tuning of the shell thickness. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) evaluations demonstrate that introducing an appropriately thin ZnWO4 layer markedly improves the activity relative to bare ZnO nanorods. Detailed characterization suggests that this enhancement originates from oxygen vacancies in the ZnWO4 shell, which promote interfacial charge transport and effectively suppress electron–hole recombination.
This work was financially supported by the “the Basic Research Program” (NRF-2021R1A2C2010244) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT.