Publication date: 10th April 2014
These days, scientist are still looking for proper materials that can be easily used in diagnosis and cancer treatment. Luminescent materials, especially inorganic nanophosphors containing lanthanide ions, Ln3+, are still one of the most significant compounds that can be applied in fluorescence imaging, biolabelling or drug delivery.[1,2] This kind of systems are promising due to visible and intensive anti-Stokes emission, called up-conversion (UC). This phenomenon involves conversion of the near infrared (NIR) or infrared (IR) low-energy radiation to high-energy ultraviolet (UV) or visible (Vis) light.[3] Literature describes various mechanisms associated with multiple absorptions or energy transfers responsible for the conversion, which can occur singly or several at the same time. In order to obtain efficient up-conversion emission matrices based on BaGdF5 and BaLuF5 compounds, doped with Ln3+ ions (Yb3+ as a sensitizer and Er3+ as emitter) and Mn2+ ions or Nd3+, were selected. Fluorides are very promising UC materials due to their low phonon energies, which enable to reduce non-radiative relaxations. Also there are many effective ways of their synthesis at nanoscale. Introduction of the additional Mn2+ ions intended to tune green and red up-conversion emission. [4,5] The influence of Mn2+ ions on the emission intensity was also studied. Additionally, BaREF5:Yb3+,Er3+ nanophosphors were also doped by Nd3+ ions, which played a role of absorbers of the NIR radiation and shifted the excitation wavelength to 800 nm. [6,7]
References:
[1] M. Wang, G. Abbineni, A. Clevenger, C. Mao, S. Xu, Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol. Med. 7 (2011) 710.
[2] F. Wang, D. Banerjee, Y. Liu, X. Chen, X. Liu, Analyst 135 (2010) 1839.
[3] J.-C. Boyer, L.A. Cuccia, J.A. Capobianco, Nano Lett. 7 (2007) 847.
[4] G. Tian, Z. Gu, L. Zhou, W. Yin, X. Liu, L. Yan, S. Jin, W. Ren, G. Xing, S. Li, Y. Zhao, Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 1226.
[5] H. Li, J. Wang, F. Nan, S. Liang, Y. Zhong, L. Zhou, Q. Wang, Wuhan Univ. J. Nat. Sci. 18 (2013) 207.
[6] Y.-F. Wang, G.-Y. Liu, L.-D. Sun, J.-W. Xiao, J.-C. Zhou, C.-H. Yan, ACS Nano 7 (2013) 7200.
[7] X. Xie, N. Gao, R. Deng, Q. Sun, Q. Xu, X. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (2013) 12608.
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