Publication date: 23rd October 2020
Perovskite solar cells are one of the fastest growing classes of photovoltaic devices overcoming record efficiencies for silicon solar cells and reaching power conversion efficiencies of 25.5%. While the solution techniques remain the most common approach for the fabrication of perovskite films, there is a difficulty with their scalability. Recently, a completely new approach for fabrication of large-scale perovskite films has been developed based on liquid polyiodide melts. The reactive polyiodide melts (RPM) are liquid polyiodides which can be readily prepared by mixing powders of I2 with organic iodides such as MAI and FAI or a mixture thereof [1]. The reaction proceeds instantly at room temperature and results in a highly-viscous liquid.
Based on the interaction of RPMs with metallic lead, high-quality perovskite films with various compositions were obtained according to the following reaction: AX3 + Pb → APbX3 (A = MA, FA, Cs; X = I, Br). Thus, RPM opened up a new formation strategy of hybrid lead halide perovskites using the polyiodide-based method. Due to its unique composition the RPM acts simultaneously as a liquid medium and a highly reactive precursor that swiftly converts metallic lead into perovskite. Using this novel approach we fabricated high-quality polycrystalline perovskite films with micron-size grains with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 17%. The modules with 2.45 cm2 active area showed PCE exceeding 14.2% with great uniformity of the perovskite layer over the large area. In addition, we demonstrated applicability of this method for the fabrication of highly uniform perovskite films with micron-size grains over large substrates of 10x10 cm2 and 20x30 cm2, including flexible supports. [2]
Moreover, the RPMs have been recently found to be also a highly corrosive decomposition product which forms under sunlight and cause degradation of perovskite solar cells components, including spiro-MeOTAD and gold electrode [3,4].
In the present study, we thoroughly investigated chemical and physical properties as well as phase equilibriums in the polyiodide systems and revealed the outstanding potential of the polyiodide melts for the improvement of the processing of hybrid perovskites. [5]
Research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project № 19-73-30022).
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