Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
The extremely rapid evolution of the perovskite solar cells during the last 2 years [1-6] makes them a very appealing cost- and performance-competitive photovoltaics emerging technology. The power conversion efficiencies of 15.7 % recently published from two different research groups by using different electron transporting materials and perovskite variants (i.e. based on glass/FTO/graphene/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/spiro-OMeTAD/Au [5] and glass/ITO/ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3/sprio-OMeTAD/Ag [6] heterostructures) evidences the versatility of teh perovskite photovoltaics technology and open wide possibilities for further progress. However, the spiro-OMeTAD is commonly used as hole transporting material (HTM). Although the integration of inorganic HTM may have significant beneficial impact on the production cost and robustness of the technology,up to our best knowledge, there is only one report on inorganic HTM (i.e. Cui [7]). In this context, a piece of work on the use of CuSCN as HTM in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells will be presented here. The CuSCN films have been deposited by solution casting technique, which has been proved compatible with the perovskite films. The annealing temperature has been detected crucial, reaching the best power conversion efficiency (i.e. 6.4 %) for films annealed at 110ºC (Figure 1b), which strongly influences the fill factor and photovoltage of the solar cells. The device characterization by impedance spectroscopy (Figure 1 c) has pointed out the short diffusion length in the perovskite film as a significant limitation. Furthermore, valley-like feature for wavelengths in the 450-650 nm range -detected in the external quantum efficiency spectra of the devices in which the perovskite films were annealed at the lowest temperature (Figure 1d)- has been analyzed to gain further insights into teh limiting mecahnisms in the device performance. [8] Strategies to enhance the photovoltage, which is the main limiting photovoltaic parameter of the present TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/CuSCN vs. the state of the art perovskite solar cells, will be also discussed. All in all, innovative TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/CuSCN solar cells will be presented, demonstrating the potential of CuSCN as HTM in the perovskite solar cell technology. Significant insigths into th influence of the perovskite film properties on the device performance, and involved mechanisms, will be asl given.
Scanning Electron Microscopy micrograph of the cross section of a FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/CuSCN/Au solar cell a). Current density-voltage curves under stimulated solar irradiation (b), parameters from the impedance spectroscopy characterization (c), and external quantum efficiency spectra (d) of solar cells with the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx film annealed at different temperatures.
(1) Kim, H-S.; Lee, C-R.; Im, J-H.; Lee1, K-B.; Moehl, T.; Marchioro, A.; Moon, S-J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Yum, J-H.; Moser, J.E.; Gratzel, M.; Park, N-G. “Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9%” Sci. Rep. 2 (2012) 591-598. (2) M.M. Lee, J. Teuscher, T. Miyasaka, T.N. Murakami, H. Snaith1* “Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites” Sicence 338 (2012) 643-647. (3) J. Burschka, N. Pellet, S-J Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Gao, M.K. Nazeeruddin, M. Gratzel “Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance” Nature 499 (2013) 316-319. (4) M. Liu, M.B. Johnston, H.J. Snaith, “Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition” Nature 501 (2013) 395-398. (5) J.T-W. Wang, J.M. Ball, E.M. Barea, A. Abate, J.A. Alexander-Webber, J.Huang, M. Saliba, I. Mora-Sero, J. Bisquert, H. J. Snaith, R.J. Nicholas “Low-Temperature Processed Electron Collection Layers of Graphene/TiO2 Nanocomposites in Thin Film Perovskite Solar Cells”, NanoLetters 2014, dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl403997a. (6) D. Liu, T.L. Kelly “Perovskite solar cells with a planar heterojunction structure prepared using room-temperature solution processing techniques”, Nature Photonics 2013 DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.342 (7) J.A Christians, R.C.M. Fung, P.V. Kamat ”An Inorganic Hole Conductor for Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Improved Hole Conductivity with Copper Iodide”, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2014 DOI: 10.1021/ja411014k (8) S. Chavhan, O. Miguel, H. Grande, V. Gonzalez-Pedro, E.M. Barea, I. Mora-Seró, J. Bisquert, R. Tena-Zaera “Perovskite Solar Cells with Inorganic Hole Selective Contact: TiO2/CH3NH3PbxCly/CuSCN”, in preparation.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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