Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Recent advances in organometal halide perovskite solar cells have seen lab device power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceed 15%1,2. Whilst high PCEs are essential in order to prove the commercial viability of these devices, their ease of processing must also be addressed. Currently, organometal halide perovskite cells must undergo an annealing treatment following the active layer deposition from solution. This process typically involves heating the device to 100°C for 45 minutes: A potential bottleneck in large-scale production.
In this work, we present a novel method for quickly annealing the active layer in organometal halide perovskite solar cells in as little as 2.5 seconds. Instead of conventional annealing in a hot air oven, near infrared (NIR) lamps are used to rapidly heat the cell substrate and drive perovskite crystallisation. This heating technique has already been demonstrated for use in dye-sensitised solar cells and other applications.3-6 Through the use of this method, we have produced a co-deposited perovskite-Al2O3 device with PCE in excess of 8.3% annealed in just 2.5 seconds; this is compared to an otherwise identical device yielding a PCE of 8.5% annealed in an oven at 100°C for 45 minutes. Optimal annealing parameters were obtained using UV-Visible-NIR spectrophotometry as well as through RGB image analysis of the perovskite film. The work also explores the effect of NIR annealing on perovskite crystal structure.
Fig. 1: J-V plot of the highest performing NIR and oven annealed perovskite devices.
1. Burschka, J.; Pellet, N.; Moon, S.J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Gao, P.; Nazeeruddin, M.K.; Grätzel, M. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 2013, 499, 316-319. 2. Liu, M.; Johnston, B.; Snaith, H. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature 2013, 501, 395-398. 3. Carnie, M. J.; Charbonneau, C.; Barnes, P. R. F.; Davies, M. L.; Mabbet, I.; Watson, T. M.; O'Regan, B. C.; Worsley, D. A. Ultra-fast sintered TiO2 films in dye-sensitized solar cells: phase variation, electron transport and recombination. J. Mater. Chem. A. 2013, 1, 2225-2230. 4. Watson, T. M.; Charbonneau, C.; Wang, H. X.; Laurence, P.; Worsley, D. A. Ultrafast near infrared sintering of TiO2 layers on metal substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells. Prog. Photovoltaics 2011, 19, 482-486. 5. Cherrington, M.; Claypole, T. C.;Deganello, D.; Mabbet, I.; Watson, T.; Worsley, D. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 7562-7564.
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