Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), minimizing the energy cost, reducing the electron loss, and maximizing the forward electron transport efficiency at each interface are keys to increase the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. To increase the photocurrent under solar irradiation, photon harvesting in the near-infrared (NIR) region is major strategy, while the electron injection efficiency dramatically decreases due to its low driving force of electron injection at the dye-TiO2 interface. This low injection efficiency thus limits the IPCE and resulted photocurrent. As another component to increase the cell efficiency, the energy cost at the interface has to be minimized in addition to suppressing the electron loss as the back electron transfer in order to achieve the higher cell voltage. To approach these challenges for higher conversion efficiency, we focus on the facet-controlled anatase TiO2 nanoporous films to engineer the interfaces in order to control the charge transfer processes. A few research groups have already employed the reactive {001} facet of TiO2 and reported the enhancement of conversion efficiency of DSSCs1, 2. However, the clear contribution of {001} facet has not been well established especially in view of the electron transfer, yet.
In the presentation, we report a few recent results with {001} facet dominant-TiO2 to elucidate the facet effects of TiO2 electrode in DSSC as compared with conventional {101} facet. A series of photoelectrochemical analyses attribute the effects of {001} facet of TiO2 to the electron transport characteristics at the interfaces, electron diffusion, recombination, and injection. We found that CB position of TiO2 varies with the composition of iodide electrolytes and even the CB shift behaves differently with dominant facet of either {001} (NS) or {101} (NP) of anatase TiO2. Therefore the each electron transfer property with different dominant facet of TiO2 is discussed in detail with regarding the CB position of DSSC. Additionally we propose the self-assembly of the anisotropic {001} facet-dominant TiO2 nanosheets for constructing a well-organized nanomorphology potentially applicable not only DSSC but also the hybrid mesoscopic solar cells in order to control the charge transport properties and the nanomorphology of TiO2, which plays roles of both the electron transport medium and the framework of nanostructured interfaces.
(a) I-V curve of DSSCs with NS and NP TiO2 electrodes. (b) Charge density vs. VOC of each DSSC with NS (filled) or NP TiO2 (opened) electrodes and iodine electrolyte with imidazolium (triangle) or without imidazolium (square).
[1] Laskova, B.; Zukalova, M.; Kavan, L.; Chou, A.; Liska P.; Wei, Z.; Bin, L.; Kubat, P.; Ghadiri, E.; Moser, J. E.; Gratzel, M. Voltage enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cell using (001)-oriented anatase TiO2 nanosheets. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2012, 16, 2993-3001. [2] Wu, X.; Chen, Z.; Lu, G.Q.; Wang L., Nanosized Anatase TiO2 Single Crystals with Tunable Exposed (001) Facets for Enhanced Energy Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 4167-4172.
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