Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV14)
Publication date: 1st March 2014
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) represent a very promising emerging technology for generation of solar-to-power energy conversion. The great potential of OPV relies on the unique properties of the materials and devices that may benefit from their flexibility, low weight, and freedom of design. The role of the outer contacts is to efficiently extract and collect selectively one charge carrier, either electrons or holes. As a layer selective to electrons a variety of materials can be used. Initially, high work function metals such as Ca or Ba were used but these suffer from low stabilities (1). As a replacement, metal oxides like TiOx or ZnO have been more recently used that show adequate stabilities (2). Here, we have electrically characterized ZnO layers containing different proportions of Aluminum used as dopant with the aim to increase the electrical conductivity. These layers have been electrically characterized by measuring the capacitance-voltage response under three electrode configurations. We observe that the apparent doping density remains very high and similar in all cases but there is a shift in the voltage required to obtain flat bands (Vfb) in the oxide semiconductor. This shifts appears to be related to dipole generation at the ZnO/electrolyte solution being higher the dipole with increasing the proportion of Al. The presence of the dipole should improves the carrier collection in device organic solar cell configuration. Indeed, this increase in the magnitude of the dipole with the Al content translates into a Voc and FF increase in the OPV configuration.
Mott-Schottky analysis of ITO/ZnO electrodes and J-V response in device configuration.
1. Li, G.; Shrotriya, V.; Huang, J.; Yao, Y.; Moriarty, T.; Emery, K.; Yang, Y. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 864-868. 2. Waldauf, C.; Morana, M.; Denk, P.; Schilinsky, P.; Coakley, K.; Choulis, S. A.; Brabec, C. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 233517-3.