All-solid state processing of Perovskite solar cells using "Perovskite Ink"

Leo Furnell^a, Sanjay Ghosh^a, Arthur Connell^a, Peter Holliman^a, Eurig Jones^a

^aBangor University, School of Chemistry, United Kingdom, Bangor LL57 2UW, Reino Unido, United Kingdom

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2015 (HOPV15)

Roma, Italy, 2015 May 11th - 13th

Organizer: Filippo De Angelis

Poster, Eurig Jones, 352
Publication date: 5th February 2015

Described is an all-solid state perovskite synthesis and deposition process. The approach avoids using any DMF or DMSO, negating problematic solvent issues or the need to find compatible solvents for dissolving various metal halides. The crystal to crystal conversion can be completed in absolute absence of any liquid. The resultant crystals can be formulated into a paste or “Ink” that can be screen printed (similar to DSSC), or spun coated onto various substrates, given the flexibility of the host matrix. This method has been shown (in-house) to be flexible, being effective in both single perovskite deposition process (where the perovskite is first formed then deposited) and for the sequential method [1] where the metal halide is deposited first, then methyl ammonium iodide (CH₃NH₃I) is deposited, synthesizing perovskite in situ. Processing of the perovskite in a porous host matrix (typically prepared by solution methods i.e. spin coat a solution onto a thin film of porous matrix) has many benefits; as it limits the crystal size, improves surface coverage and expedites perovskite conversion [1], particularly when using sequential deposition. Suspending the perovskite crystals in an ink or paste, should give protection from oxidation, which could improve stability issues especially with air sensitive precursors in the synthesis of future Pb-free perovskites (e.g. Sn) [2,3].
Fig. 1 (Left) A meso-porous Perovskite/ TiO2 scaffold ink and (Right) screen printed perovskite ink device
1. J. Burschka, N. Pellet, S-J Moon, R Humphry-Baker, P. Gao, M. K. Nazeeruddin M. Grätzel Nature 499, 316–319 (2013) 2. F. Hao, C. C. Stoumpos, D. H. Cao, R. P. H. Chang ,M. G. Kanatzidis Nature Photonics 8, 489–494 (2014) 3. H. J. Snaith, N. K. Noel, S. D. Stranks, A. Abate, C. Wehrenfennig, S. Guarnera, A-A. Haghighirad, A. Sadhanala, G. E. Eperon, S. K. Pathak, M. B. Johnston, A. Petrozza, L. M. Herz, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 3061

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