Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Significant progress has been made in organometallic halide perovskite solar cell research, boosting the record certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 21%. However, the PCEs of large area perovskite solar cells, especially modules, still lag behind those of small area devices. One of the key challenges for up-scaling perovskite solar cells is the fabrication of pinhole-free, uniform perovskite films on large areas with high reproducibility: using scalable deposition techniques such as blade-coating, spray coating, and other roll-to-roll applicable processes.
In this contribution, we developed a new precursor combination containing Pb(CH3CO2)2·3H2O, PbCl2, and CH3NH3I. The influence of different Pb(CH3CO2)2·3H2O and PbCl2 ratios on the film morphology were carefully investigated. We found the composite lead source combined the advantages of both Pb(CH3CO2)2·3H2O and PbCl2: the former enabled a fast crystallization time, while the latter lead to crystal grains of micrometer scale. By using the optimal precursor composition, we fabricated pinhole-free perovskite films with one-step deposition, followed by a 10 min annealing step at 130 °C. Spin-coated small area (0.13 cm2) perovskite solar cells reached PCE of 17%, using a device structure of ITO/e-beam TiO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. By virtue of the uniformity of the perovskite film, we also demonstrated perovskite solar modules with aperture areas of 4 cm2 and 16 cm2, showing aperture PCE of 13.6% and 12.5%, respectively.1
Moreover, we also demonstrated that our one-step fabrication approach is compatible with up-scalable deposition techniques, such as spray coating and blade coating.2 Using the same device structure as the spin-coated devices, we achieved spray coated perovskite solar cells (0.13 cm2) with PCE of 15.7%. On the other hand, by blade-coating the perovskite films and the Spiro-OMeTAD films, we fabricated perovskite solar modules with aperture PCE of 13.3% (4 cm2) and 11.8% (16 cm2). Such PCE values are comparable to those of the spin-coated devices. Therefore, our approach paves the way for large-scale fabrication of highly efficient perovskite modules.
1. W. Qiu, T. Merckx, M. Jaysankar, C. Masse de la Huerta, L. Rakocevic, W. Zhang, U. W. Paetzold, R. Gehlhaar, L. Froyen, J. Poortmans, D. Cheyns, H. J. Snaith and P. Heremans, Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03703D.
2. J. G. Tait, S. Manghooli, W. Qiu, L. Rakocevic, L. Kootstra, M. Jaysankar, C. A. Masse de la Huerta, U. W. Paetzold, R. Gehlhaar, D. Cheyns, P. Heremans and J. Poortmans, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, DOI: 10.1039/C6TA00739B
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