Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite materials such as CH3NH3PbI3 are opening new horizons for solution-process optoelectronics. In particular, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have now reached a certified record efficiency of 22.1% [1] similar to that of CIGS and CdTe thin-film photovoltaics (PV). However, differently to these latter PV technologies, very little development has been devoted to scale up PSCs to modules/panels and to assess and improve their stability.[2] In this communication, we will present the efforts made to define a viable fabrication strategy for thin-film perovskite solar modules. Two main deposition techniques were used, namely spin-coating for substrates up to 100 cm2 and air-jet assisted bade coating for larger substrates. [3] The latter process is based on an optimized air-flow assisted blade coating of PbI2 in a two-step perovskite deposition procedure. The blade coating was also used to deposit the hole transporting layer. Optimizing the temperature and the intensity of the air-flow, we were able to deposit P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD over an active area of about 100 cm2. The final layout of modules was obtained by laser ablation to remove PbI2, CH3NH3PbI3 and also the HTM layers.[4] Using the P3HT we obtained a module efficiency, on active area, of 4.3%, while with Spiro-OMeTAD the efficiency improved till 9.3%. Moreover, a full printable module was realized using as counter electrode PEDOT:PSS modified with ethylene glycol layer, and deposited via spray coating. Spin-coating devices with a substrate area of 100 cm2 and an active area of 60 cm2 were also fabricated and the effect of Graphene and related 2D materials were investigated. The work function of GO after the intercalation of Li atoms exhibits a good matching with the TiO2 conduction band and allows for an enhancement of the electron injection from the perovskite to the m-TiO2 [5]. This results in an improved performance of all the modules with respect to references without GO-Li and an average efficiency exceeding 12.5% was obtained.[6] Last but not list, the manufacture of all devices was performed in air using several measures aimed to prevent the perovskite degradation and to improve the stability.
References
[1] National Renewable Energy Laboratory, access on 16/3/2016, http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiencychart.jpg.
[2] G. Divitini et al. Nature Energy n.15012 (2016), DOI: 10.1038/NENERGY.2015.12.
[3] S. Razza et al. Journal of Power Sources, vol. 277, p. 286–291, 2015.
[4] F. Matteocci et al. Progress in Photovoltaics: Res. Appl. Volume 24, 436–445 (2016), DOI: 10.1002/pip.2557
[5] A. Agresti et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. (2016), DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504949
[6] Work performed in collaboration with F. Bonaccorso (Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy) and E. Kymakis (TEI of Crete, Greece) within the Graphene Flagship (Grant agreement no.604391)
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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