ZnO-based Perovskite Solar Cells: Influence of the Deposition Method and Surface State on the (CH3NH3)PbI3 Formation Time and Thermal Stability
Ivet Kosta a, German Cabnero a, Hans Grande a, Ramon Tena-Zaera a, Tania Frade a b, Anabela Gomes b
a CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Spain, Paseo de Miramón, 196, San Sebastián, Spain
b Centro de Química e Bioquímica
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Swansea, United Kingdom, 2016 June 29th - July 1st
Organizers: James Durrant, Henry Snaith and David Worsley
Poster, Ramon Tena-Zaera, 207
Publication date: 28th March 2016

In the emerging field of halide perovskite solar cells, developing low temperature solution processable electron selective contacts (ESCs) is of high interest in order to capitalize the unique ability of the halide perovskites to obtain high quality films at soft processing temperatures making possible to fabricate plastic-based flexible photovoltaic devices. Among the different ESC options, perovskite solar cells based on ZnO have shown competitive power conversion efficiencies (i.e. > 15 % [1,2]). Furthermore, improved air stability (vs. devices with organic ESCs) has been claimed for ZnO-based perovskite solar cells with inverted architecture [2]. Nevertheless, the thermal instability of (CH3NH3)PbI3 perovskite when deposited on ZnO has been pointed as a critical issue for the final photovoltaics application. The (CH3NH3)PbI3 degradation has been attributed to the basic nature of the ZnO surface leading to the deprotonation [3]. However, the strong anisotropy of ZnO surfaces and their different ability to attract different adsorbates may be crucial in the ZnO-perovskite interactions, solar cell performance and stability. A systematic comparative study of perovskite solar cells based on two-step processed (CH3NH3)PbI3 and ZnO ESCs processed by different techniques (i.e. electrodeposition [4], spray pyrolysis [5] and deposition from colloidal ZnO nanoparticles [6]) and from different media such as ionic liquids and ethanol (with and without water) will be presented. Strong influence of the ZnO ESC deposition technique on the perovskite formation and thermal stability will be reported. The optimized conversion (i.e. PbI2 to (CH3NH3)PbI3) time varies from minutes to hours as a function of the ZnO processing media. A correlation between the crystalline orientation and surface properties of the ZnO films and the PV performance and thermal stability of the solar cells will be presented. To conclude, an optimized process to fabricate ZnO-based solar cells will be provided.

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