Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Metal halide perovskite thin films can be crystalized via a broad range of solution based routes, but the quality of the final films varies strongly with small changes in solution composition or processing parameters. In this work, we successfully designed a precursor formulation by introducing PbI2 in the mixed halide precursor that can address the issues associated with the conventional 3MAI:PbCl2 attaining the higher degree of control over the crystallization process. Recently, the adding “excess” PbI2 into stoichiometric perovskite precursor formulation has been demonstrated higher PCE than conventional stoichiometric composition. However, we judiciously substituted a fraction of the PbCl2 with the same amount of PbI2 in 3MAI: PbCl2, giving rise to a new precursor composition formula i.e. 3MAI:(1-x)PbCl2/xPbI2). In an optimised condition, by substituting only x= 0.02 PbCl2 with the PbI2 in the precursor composition (i.e. 3MAI:0.98PbCl2/0.02PbI2) we could achieve a uniformly distributed “quadrilateral” shaped nucleation sites just after the casting of the precursor film and after subsequent annealing leading into almost 100% surface coverage of the perovskite film. Notably, we observe a complete transformation in the film crystallization, with evidence for a “clean” nucleation and growth of MAPbI3 crystals. By incorporating these films into regular planar hetero-junction perovskite solar cells fabricated in the air atmosphere, we achieved 19.1% J-V measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) and 17.2% stabilized power output (SPO), while attaining a higher degree of reproducibility.
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