Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.035
Publication date: 21st February 2018
Oxygen is an extremely common contaminant in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which can be introduced in the halide perovskite layer both during synthesis and/or during device operation through simple exposure to air. The effect of oxygen has been reported to be beneficial for the optical properties of halide perovskites,[1, 2] but also strongly detrimental for device performance and stability.[3-5] Given the ubiquity of O2 and its significant effects on halide perovskites and related devices, it is of utmost importance to study its interaction with these materials. In this contribution, we investigate the consequences of oxygen exposure on the stability and transport properties of halide perovskites, focusing on methylammonium lead iodide. This material is thermodynamically expected to be unstable against O2, and severe degradation is indeed experimentally observed, but solely under illumination. In the dark, a sluggish surface reaction kinetics keeps the material metastable, as revealed by 18O tracer diffusion experiments. Light removes these kinetic hindrances, resulting in an accelerated O2 incorporation that ultimately leads to degradation. Remarkably, this accelerated incorporation (in conditions that precede degradation) can also greatly alter the electronic and ionic transport properties of the material in a way that is analogous to acceptor doping. Since state-of-the-art solar cell devices use perovskite formulations containing multiple A-site cations and halide ions, as a final step we analyze the impact of cation and anion mixing on the O2-degradation kinetics.
References:
[1] Y. Tian, M. Peter, E. Unger et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 24978.
[2] J. F. Galisteo-López, M. Anaya, M. E. Calvo et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 2200.
[3] N. Aristidou, I. Sanchez-Molina, T. Chotchuangchutchaval et al., Angew. Chemie 2015, 54, 8208.
[4] N. Aristidou, C. Eames, I. Sanchez-Molina et al., Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 1–40.
[5] A. J. Pearson, G. E. Eperon, P. E. Hopkinson et al., Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1600014.
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