Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)
Publication date: 21st February 2018
Since 2009 perovskite solar cells have become a prominent area of photovoltaic research with efficiencies above 20 %.1 While this improvement in efficiency is unprecedented the fundamental material properties that lead to such high efficiencies are not fully understood. Proper understanding of the properties of perovskites is key to helping push efficiencies even higher.
One of the intrinsic properties of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) is iodide diffusion. This diffusion is thought to be partially responsible for device hysteresis and stability issues.2 Most of the recent perovskite materials used in high efficiency devices contain mixed cations. Cation substitution can cause distortion in the perovskite crystal lattice and change the properties of the material, including the ease with which iodide can move through the structure. Our work represents the first example of muon spin relaxation being used to probe internal ion diffusion of lead halide perovskites. We initially analysed MAPI and d6-MAPI to confirm the validity of the methodology showing for the first time that it is possible to detect iodide diffusion using muons. Subsequently, we investigated how the substitution of just 5 % of a different cation in the A-site affects the diffusion of iodide. This work provides valuable insight into the impact of mixing A-site cations and presents a new method of detecting iodide diffusion.
1. NREL, Solar Efficiency Chart, https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png, .
2. S. van Reenen, M. Kemerink, and H. J. Snaith, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2015, 6, 3808–3814.
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