Identifying Key Parameters to Control Perovskite Crystallization in Co-Evaporation
Nadja Klipfel a, Cristina Momblona a, Hiroyuki Kanda a, Naoyuki Shibayama b, Yuiga Nakamura c, Mounir Driss Mensi a, Cristina Roldan-Carmona a, Mahammad Khaja Nazeeruddin a
a Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
b Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614, Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 225-8503
c Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASIR) Spring-8, 1-1-1Kuuto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, 679-5198 Hygo, Japan
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Online, Spain, 2021 May 24th - 28th
Organizers: Marina Freitag, Feng Gao and Sam Stranks
Invited Speaker Session, Nadja Klipfel, presentation 004
Publication date: 11th May 2021

Co-evaporation of perovskites becomes more and more popular these days, as its advantages over other processing methods, are low-temperature processing of multi-layered structures as well as precise control over film thickness and composition.1 These benefits make the sublimation technique also an interesting and suitable method for large-scale fabrication of high-purity systems. To achieve homogeneous, defect-free devices on a large scale, many engineering challenges need to be solved as a typical co-evaporated perovskite film, has multiple grain-sizes and surface defects. Understanding therefore all key-parameter that control the perovskite crystallization, are necessary to fabricate defect-free large-area devices with a high efficiency. In our work we have identified different factors, that give insight into these processes which will lead in the future to higher reproducibility of device performance for co-evaporated solar cells.

[1] Sessolo, M., Momblona, C., Gil-Escrig, L., and Bolink, H.J. (2015). Photovoltaic devices employing vacuum-deposited perovskite layers. MRS Bull. 40, 660–666.

The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 MSCA Innovative Training Network under grant agreement No 764787, and 754462, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF 20021E_186390). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 7639The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 MSCA Innovative Training Network under grant agreement No 764787, and 754462, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF 20021E_186390). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 763977 of the PerTPV project. We thank P. Schouwink and Y. Nakamura at Univ. Tokyo for the helpful discussions. The WAXS measurements were performed at SPring-8 at BL19B2 with the approval of the JASRI, proposal no. 2018B1809, 2018B1855, and 2018B1862, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement at SPring-8 at BL46XU with the approval of the JASRI, proposal no. 2018B1868 and 2019A1719.

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