Stability of Perovskite Materials for Solar Cells Investigated with Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Ute Cappel a
a Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV21)
Online, Spain, 2021 May 24th - 28th
Organizers: Marina Freitag, Feng Gao and Sam Stranks
Invited Speaker, Ute Cappel, presentation 008
Publication date: 11th May 2021

Lead halide perovskites have drastically changed the solar cell research field due to their ease of synthesis and high power conversion efficiencies, which now reach over 25%. Improving stability and understanding degradation pathways in these devices is of high importance for their further development and potential commercialisation. X-ray based techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) are powerful tools for obtaining chemical and electronic structure information of material surfaces and therefore interfaces of perovskites with contact materials can be studied. By combining measurements with visible illumination and/or dosing of atmospheric gasses, photo-induced reactions and therefore the stability of materials can be studied in-situ. However, the X-rays themselves used for measurement can also cause changes in the perovskite materials.

In this presentation, I will show how we have used photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the X-ray stability of different perovskite active materials. We were able to follow the kinetics chemical and electronic structure changes in our materials induced by the X-ray illumination. Different degradation pathways and kinetics are found depending on the perovskite composition, some of which might be similar to degradation pathways under visible illumination [1,2]. Furthermore, I will show results of studies of the interface formation and interface degradation of a perovskite active layer with metals such as silver [3] and copper. Reactions with these metals can lead to a degradation of the perovskite materials.

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