Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV22)
Publication date: 20th April 2022
Carbon electrode hole transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an attractive concept for up scalability of perovskite photo absorber-based devices. This device architecture has been proven to allow for cost effective, stable and highly performing solar cells. However, the absence of an HTM at the perovskite/carbon electrode interface has been recorded as the dominant loss channel causing significant performance loss, in which the low charge selectivity of carbon causes non radiative recombination losses at the interface.[1]
In the work presented here, we explore the interfacial recombination losses in low temperature carbon-electrode PSCs. We perceive the effect of the absence of an HTM on the fill factor (FF), open circuit voltage (VOC) and thus the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE).
Low temperature carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells are manufactured through a layer-by-layer fabrication process which allows for the potential for interfacial engineering. Interface passivating contacts have been reported in the literature to be key enablers in reaching high efficiencies in PSCs. Thus, following recent advances in interface passivation by 2D perovskites, we report on a novel approach to employ 2D a perovskite as an electron blocking layer for an efficient passivation of the carbon back electrode. This was achieved through incorporating an octyl ammonium salt on a FAPbI3 3D perovskite absorber. We confirm the formation of a high band gap 2D perovskite layer at the interface between the perovskite and the carbon electrode which is found to behave as an electron blocking layer successfully hindering electron back transfer towards the carbon counter electrode. We find that the 2D passivation layer does not only increase the steady state photovoltage by 65 mV, but also the FF by 10%abs. This leads to a PCE of 18.5% which is among the highest reported for HTM free carbon-based PSCs.[2]
References:
[1] Bogachuk, D.; Zouhair, S.; Wojciechowski, K.; Yang, B.; Babu, V.; Wagner, L.; Xu, B.; Lim, J.; Mastroianni, S.; Pettersson, H.; Hagfeldt, A.; Hinsch, A. Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13 (11), 3880–3916.
[2] Zouhair, S.; Yoo, S.; Bogachuk, D.; Herterich, J.; Lim, J.; Kanda, H.; Son, B.; Yun, H.; Würfel, U.; Chahboun, A.; Nazeeruddin, M. K., Hinsch, A.; Wagner, L.; Kim, H. Employing 2D‐Perovskite As An Electron Blocking Layer In Highly Efficient (18.5%) Perovskite Solar Cells With Printable Low Temperature Carbon Electrode. Advanced Energy Materials 2022, 2200837.
Acknowledgments:
This work has been partially funded within the projects PROPER financed from the German Ministry of Education and Research under funding number 01DR19007 and UNIQUE supported under umbrella of SOLAR-ERA.NET_cofund by ANR, PtJ, MIUR, MINECO-AEI and SWEA, within the EU's HORIZON 2020 Research and Innovation Program (cofund ERA-NET Action No. 691664).
S. Z. acknowledges the scholarship support of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
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