Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV24)
Publication date: 6th February 2024
Mixed lead-tin perovskites have an ideal band gap for all-perovskite tandem solar cells and produce high efficiency single junction solar cells [1]. Currently, the hole transport layer (HTL) most commonly used for lead-tin perovskite solar cells is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). However, this hygroscopic material has been shown to cause long term stability issues in devices, so many research groups have started using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of small organic molecules, like [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), as an HTL instead. [2] However, few comparative studies between these two transport layers have been published. [2,3] This study aims to find mechanistic insights into the differences in performance and stability caused by these different transport layers, with a specific focus on the perovskite – HTL interface. To do this, we investigate the evolution of the performance of mixed lead-tin perovskite solar cells over time during continuous illumination, using either PEDOT:PSS or 2PACz as an HTL. We perform current-voltage scans at regular time intervals throughout the duration of light soaking, and a subsequent recovery period. We find clear differences between the stability of PEDOT:PSS-containing and 2PACz-containing devices, with 2PACz-containing devices decreasing less in efficiency, but suffering from large hysteresis and S-shaped current-voltage curves after light soaking. To gain more insight into the origin of the trends observed in the current-voltage curves, we also do impedance spectroscopy measurements throughout the light soaking and recovery periods and compare our experimental results to results from drift-diffusion simulations. In this way we improve our understanding of the differences between PEDOT:PSS and 2PACz as HTLs and the contribution of the interface in degradation of lead-tin perovskite solar cells.
The authors acknowledge funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO), project number KICH1.ED02.20.007.
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