Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV24)
Publication date: 6th February 2024
Multi-junction tandem solar cells, utilizing complementary bandgaps, offer the potential to surpass the detailed balance limit for single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Through the tunability of perovskite bandgaps and recent advancements in mixed lead-tin (Pb:Sn) narrow bandgap PSCs, it is now possible to create highly efficient multi-junction solar cells solely using perovskites, achieving certified PCEs of up to 26.4% in all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
However, there are two main challenges when using Pb:Sn perovskites. Firstly, methylammonium (MA) has been traditionally used in the most efficient Pb:Sn PSCs, but its thermal and chemical stability concerns prompt the search for MA-free alternatives. Second, conventional solution processing methods remain prevalent in lab-scale Pb:Sn PSCs fabrication. There were many attempts to thermal evaporate Pb:Sn as this method presents significant advantages, including high-quality thin film fabrication, precise thickness control, elimination of toxic solvents, large-scale compatibility, and reproducibility. Vacuum evaporation can also be applied to the fabrication of all-perovskite tandem solar cells without damaging underlying layers. Although vacuum deposition has proven successful in achieving high-efficiency and large-area PSCs for Pb-based perovskites, its application to Pb:Sn perovskites is less unexplored. Ball et al. and Igual-Munoz et al. are among the few to report Pb:Sn PSCs using vacuum evaporation.
In this work, we demonstrate that through careful control of the environment and some fine-tuning, it is possible to deposit Pb:Sn perovskite films of high quality through thermal evaporation. We compare devices made using this method to those made from similar state-of-the-art solution processed methods. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to approach the performance of solution processed devices within a workable processing window using vacuum evaporation. Our champion devices reach PCEs of 17%, surpassing previously set records of 14% for thermally coevaporated Pb:Sn devices. This was done without requiring additional passivation or bulk additive, which are used in the previous reports.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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