Development of 20%-efficient and mechanically robust ambient-air-processed carbon-based flexible perovskite solar cells using green and benign-to-plastics antisolvent quenching
Dimitris Chalkias a, Archontoula Nikolakopoulou a, Lykourgos Kontaxis b, Elias Stathatos a
a Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, GR26334 Patras, Greece
b Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, University of Patras, GR26500 Rio-Patras, Greece
Oral, Dimitris Chalkias, presentation 087
Publication date: 6th February 2024

Lightweight and flexible plastic-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are seen as strong emerging rivals to the rigid heavy-block photovoltaics composed of crystalline silicon. To boost further the competitiveness of these devices, the scientific community is now looking for compatible, effective and scalable manufacturing methods to attain efficiencies of greater than 20%, while their fabrication using cost-effective and greener materials is also increasingly studied. The present work sheds light on the development of high-efficiency and stable flexible-plastic PSCs under ambient atmospheric conditions through a comprehensive investigation on a series of primary and secondary monohydric alcohols usage as green-antisolvent alternatives. The findings revealed that the plastic substrates have much better manufacturing compatibility (studied in terms of nanomechanical testing) with alcohols compared to the reference case of chlorobenzene antisolvent. Simultaneously, high-quality perovskites and, therefore, photovoltaics are able to be obtained through the concurrent consideration of antisolvent properties (i.e., polarity, density, viscosity, flash point and water solubility) (thorough experimental evidence and interpretations are given to proof the concept, including time-dependent XRD, SEM, UV-VIS, FTIR, miscibility testing, nano-mechanical analysis, J-V curves, IPCE-APCE, EIS, stability assessment under ISOS-D-1 protocol conditions and bending fatigue). To this end, 2-butanol was found to aid in the development of mirror-like, pinhole-free and mechanically resilient ambient-air-processed perovskite structures, boosting the efficiency of scalable carbon-based flexible PSCs to a record of over 20% with decreased hysteresis. Notably, the unencapsulated devices also exhibited remarkable stability under ISOS-D-1 protocol conditions (T85 >1000 h) and bending fatigue (T80 (5-mm-radius) >5000 bending cycles).

Acknowledgment:

This research was carried out in the framework of the project “Development of efficient third generation PV materials and devices to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and the Greek economy to the green energy production” (TAEDR 0537347), “Greece 2.0 National Recovery and Resilience Plan”, funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU.

 

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