Publication date: 11th March 2026
Modelling non-planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 1D is very challenging due to strong interfacial and geometric interactions. This affects especially mesoporous, structured tandem, phase segregated and bulk heterojunction solar cells. We present ChargeFabrica, an open source, two dimensional electro-ionic drift-diffusion simulation tool designed to address these challenges by simultaneously solving the coupled electronic and ionic transport equations across complex device geometries. Using ChargeFabrica, we successfully replicate experimentally observed thickness-dependent trends in current–voltage (JV) curves, the influence of ionic prebiasing and associated EQE, which cannot be fully captured by conventional one-dimensional models. By incorporating realistic device morphologies and experimentally demonstrated defect densities, the simulator accurately predicts performance losses, field inversion effects, and the impact of geometric and interfacial properties. ChargeFabrica thus provides a robust platform for understanding and optimizing the interplay between ion migration and charge collection in mesoporous PSCs and will aid future development of perovskite device architectures.
The authors gratefully acknowledge ScopeM for their support & assistance in this work and Solaronix SA for providing the solar cell. This research received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant no. 851676 (ERC StGrt) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 219739).
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