Publication date: 11th March 2026
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Yet, record efficiencies rely on the evaporation of metals as electrode materials, which necessitates vacuum deposition. Additionally, non-noble metals can easily react with halides, resulting in long-term stability issues. Strong candidates to replace evaporated metal electrodes are carbon-based materials like graphite-based pastes deposited via printing and coatings of inks. Carbon electrodes promise cheap and fast fabrication, avoid unsuitable metals like gold, and may prove more stable than metal electrodes. Most PSCs with carbon electrodes are in the “regular” negative-intrinsic-positive (n-i-p) structure or the “hole-transport-layer-free” architecture. Here, we develop “inverted” p-i-n configuration carbon cells, motivated by the higher stability (as compared to n-i-p) usually observed in metal-contacted devices. However, we find incompatibilities of the common electron transport layers (ETLs) used in p-i-n devices like PCBM and BCP, with subsequent coating of the carbon electrodes. To address the processing and electron contact issues that we reveal, we introduce a double interlayer of atomic layer deposited tin-oxide (SnO2) and PEDOT:PSS (Poly(2,3-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxin)-poly(styrenesulfonate)) between the ETL and the carbon electrode. We achieved a maximum power point tracked performance of 16.6% and maintained 94% of the initial performance aged outdoors for 500 h (T80 of about 1200 h). These results present a roadmap for printable and atmospheric processable perovskite PV technology, avoiding using rare metals.
nanoGe is a prestigious brand of successful science conferences that are developed along the year in different areas of the world since 2009. Our worldwide conferences cover cutting-edge materials topics like perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, solar fuel conversion, surface science, catalysis and two-dimensional materials, among many others.
Previously nanoGe Spring Meeting (NSM) and nanoGe Fall Meeting (NFM), MATSUS is a multiple symposia conference focused on a broad set of topics of advanced materials preparation, their fundamental properties, and their applications, in fields such as renewable energy, photovoltaics, lighting, semiconductor quantum dots, 2-D materials synthesis, charge carriers dynamics, microscopy and spectroscopy semiconductors fundamentals, etc.
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
The main topics of the Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP) are discussed every year in Asia-Pacific for gathering the recent advances in the fields of material preparation, modeling and fabrication of perovskite and hybrid and organic materials. Photovoltaic devices are analyzed from fundamental physics and materials properties to a broad set of applications. The conference also covers the developments of perovskite optoelectronics, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.
The International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO) is the best place to hear the latest developments in perovskite solar cells as well as on recent advances in the fields of perovskite light-emitting diodes, lasers, optical devices, nanophotonics, nonlinear optical properties, colloidal nanostructures, photophysics and light-matter coupling.