Publication date: 11th March 2026
Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) are being investigated for various applications due to their multifaceted properties[1], such as variable transparency, tunable absorption, flexibility, lightweight properties, and a low energy payback time. In this work, we focused on characterising OPV for use in urban environments, where the irradiance and spectrum can differ from standard test conditions. Given the various illumination conditions, ranging from UV to Visible to infrared, we have chosen suitable photoactive layer materials and blended them in different ratios to achieve panchromatic absorption. We then used a high-throughput methodology[2] to evaluate the best device parameters to maximise power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimising for the PCE under standard testing conditions, major considerations for incident light on the OPV in urban environments, such as diffused and low-intensity light[3], angular dependence[4], street LED lighting[5], and vulnerabilities, such as fallen leaves on OPV modules, are tested and discussed. A ternary blend of PTQ10:DTY6:PC61BM (1:1:0.25), which exhibits broad absorption, achieves the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.07%, surpassing the 12.80% observed in the binary blend of PTQ10:DTY6 (1:1.5). We then up-scaled the devices via complete solution processing to 4.07 cm² modules, yielding a PCE of 12.22%. Our results indicate that OPVs are well-suited for deployment in urban settings. We recommend testing OPVs under various currently non-standard conditions to properly evaluate PV systems and, in addition, to develop standardised protocols for such measurements that provide a realistic picture of PV performance under varying spectral inputs.
The authors would like to acknowledge funding from MSCA DN OPVStability, Horizon Europe, GA 101072628 and the EMERGE project (Emerging Printed Electronics Research Infrastructure), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 101008701 (Urban Photovoltaics, Proposal ID 5820).
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